They don't have the votes to pass a law, they do have the votes to stop laws from being passed. Further, the Republicans just killed a rule that allows 30 senators to block all bills by challenging executive decisions. The Republicans killed the rule to roll back a Biden admin decision to allow California stricter emission standards. Every challenge requires a mandatory 10h of debate. There are about 100 years worth of Trump admin decisions Dems can challenge to block the upcoming budget bill.
Will they do that? Probably not, because they rolled over on the CR when they could have easily filibustered it.
And yes, Schumer knows about this, he wrote an open letter warning Republicans not kill the rule.
This is what I hate about the Democrats. They'll happily roll over, yet I guarantee you the Republicans will abuse the hell out of this rule if a Dem president gets into office.