What is a dab rig? Is it appreciably different from a 510 vape?
It's a complicated answer. In the most basic terms a dab rig is just something that lets you vape or smoke concentrate quickly and easily. Some dry herb vapes get hot enough to put the concentrate directly into or on a pad of some kind to hold it while you vape it, and there's also quartz bangers and stuff if combustion is your style, and stand alone devices strictly for concentrates. There are options for dabbing via a 510 vape but usually the concentrate is so thick that it's a pain to do that way unless you're thinning it out or buying preloaded vape cartridges made for a 510 battery.
In your case the easiest way might be squirting some of the concentrate into a joint or something but it's hard to say without knowing what kind of hardware you have at your disposal. There are also some companies that sell addon pieces that fit a 510 battery that make dab hits easier. I'll link one but don't consider it a product endorsement as I don't actually use them, it's just to give you an idea of what you might find locally or online. There are several options available where I live for under $50, some under $30.
510 vape with concentrate chamber
If you already have a compatible battery you may only need the atomizer part, like this.
Atomizer