Clock King (at least BTAS clock king, the one in the picture) can't control time. He just plans things very precisely and likes clocks. He's actually pretty cool in the one episode he's in.
Clock King (at least BTAS clock king, the one in the picture) can't control time.
He did have access to a device in his second appearance that allowed him to control the flow of time, so he had the ability albeit in an indirect fashion.
There's also Dr. Gotham, who was a evil sorcerer buried under Gotham for centuries whos evil also apparently poisoned a fair bit of the area.
There's also anywhere between 1 to 3 (Possibly more) Lazarus pits under Gotham, and arguably the chemicals from them have been leeching into the water supply. What do the Lazarus pit chemicals do? Make you resilient to damage and also crazy. What do a significant amount of Bat villains have in common? Injuries/mutations that would kill a normal person, and being off kilter.
Then we have the Asylum which is possibly haunted and has held a portal to Hell at least at one point.
Gotham's so-called 'villains' are actually just projections of Bruce's madness onto the city's activists, anarchists, and freedom fighters. They spend their days trying to fix the severe systemic issues caused by the excessive wealth and myopia of the self-righteous Wayne family, who have gobbled up nearly every other sizeable company in the city while funneling resources into personal skyscrapers, excavation, and bat-themed military equipment.
The Rogue's Gallery, meanwhile, goes to extreme lengths to redistribute wealth, disrupt Waynecorp galas, rescue and deprogram Robin and Batgirl, and keep Bruce busy with insane shenanigans so that he can't focus more of his attention on grinding Gotham's poor into the dirt. The costumes and gimmicks are just Bruce's mind refusing to see the truth of his own villainy and distorting the world to compensate.
The only ones who on occasion get through to him are his ex-girlfriend, a former Arkham therapist who spent enough time with the Rogues not to buy Bruce's propaganda, and a completely innocent local botanist that he's developed a strange obsession with literally just because she grows plants and he's not sure how that works (his own plants all die in the batcave due to lack of light).
I bet it's whatever chemical that's in those vats at Ace Chemicals that the upstanding citizens of Gotham kept falling into and come out as clowns.
Like, why would any company make a chemical which the only purpose seems to be to get psychiatrists to beat people up with baseball bats on roller skates?
Whatever is in the water probably seeped out of some Wayne Enterprises industrial plant. Batman is the biggest menace to Gotham City; not any of the victims that become villains. All because some rich playboy wants to play ninja instead of running the corporate empire that owns like 90% of the city.