The 4½ = ●●●●◖ = [four +] ½fifth is not unique to Danish. In Czech, we say „čtvrt na osm“ (quarter to eight), „půl osmé“ (half of eighth) and „tři čtvrtě na osm“ (¾ to eight) to mean 19:15, 19:30 and 19:45, respectively, so I kinda get it.
Similarly, in German, 🕢=„halb acht“.
And ninety, halvfems, short for halvfemsindstyve or halv-fem-sinds-tyve, means “fifth half times twenty”, or “four scores plus half of the fifth score” [4½ * 20].
I think the Britons used scores as well for some time.
There's an interesting nuance for Romanian. While talking formally, "Noua zeci si doi" (9 10s and 2) is perfectly fine, in informal speech most people just say "Noua-s doi" (9 'n 2).
And then all Germans France and Denmark will complain when people in the US use 09/28/23 which is the same order used for Sept 9th 2023 instead of 28/09/23 which backwards from the most logical of putting the most significant number first and the least significant number last 23/28/09.