It's not about the targeting computers not being powerful enough. It's about the counter missile not being fast enough and the hypersonic missile being able to zig-zag like a cruise missile, but with similar speeds as ballistic has in it's decent phase.
Then how does it react when the missile is going 3x as fast and sweeps right when the counter missile is sweeping to left towards the missiles previous position and misses, in that case it needs to be faster than the incoming missile itself. Yes, the speed would not be a problem towards a predictable trajectory, that's how ballistic missiles are intercepted even if they go super fast. it's basically a high school math problem in that case to calculate the point of interception in a firing solution. It's also fine if missile can change course, that's how cruise missiles are shot down, because the counter-missile can still race with them when they turn, but when the missile is fast and can change directions mid flight then it doesn't much help how fast the computer calculates if the hardware can't react fast enough. it's basically like if your mind were able to move at superhuman speed but your body is still human and you get shot and only thing you can really do is to watch the bullet approaching but being unable to dodge fast enough.
Just to mention: The current MARS rover is using a Raspberry Compute Module 3. Several modern space probe also use off-the-shelf technology. Most Ukrainian drones use it too. The IRIS-T missile uses a 1.0Ghz Quadcore ARM.
The times when such systems required extreme technology are far gone.
What? This is one of the most ridiculous things I've read in awhile and people are up voting this misinformation. No rover that's on Mars is using a rpi. Here are the actual specs: https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/spacecraft/rover/brains/
I tried looking for the Mars Rover that is using a compute module and couldn't find any that were using one which makes sense because it's not radiation hardened and they need to operate well outside of the temperature range that the modules actually tolerate. They seem to all be using a radiation hardened version of an IBM power PC 750 that is manufactured by a company name BAE. Ignoring that fact though the Mars Rover does not meet the same low latency processing requirements that this meme is referencing so we can move along further.
"Most Ukrainian drives use it too" while I can't quantify these numbers it does appear that the Ukrainian military uses orange pi's for their "kamikaze" drones which is good for that application as it's easy to source and doesn't require any heavy demand. As for everything else I was able to locate on the subject, it all appears to be typical DSP processors Analog Devices SHARC's and the TI equivalents such as the TMS320F28335
As for the Iris-T I could not find any information one way or another there. It's indicating high velocity and use of radar so I can't imagine they are using anything other than a DSP processor as you are going to need to shave every single microsecond of response time to maximize your effectiveness.