Why do some TV broadcasts show a person translating it to sign language instead of using subtitles?

American sign language is not a gesture based form of English. It is an entire language in its own right, with its own distinct grammar and vocabulary.

To someone deaf from birth, sign language is their native language. And it is much more comfortable to quickly read your native language than a second language.

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This raises more questions than it answers, like how do the deaf from birth function in society at all if they struggle with other languages besides sign language. How do they get a job, go to school, learn new skills, read the news, text people? What do they do in their leisure if not watching subtitles movies or reading books? Many non-english speakers end up learning English anyway because of just how pervasive it is.

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- The same way anyone else for whom English is a second or third language function in society.
  
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- Think about written English: it's phonetic.
  
  How do you learn to RECOGNIZE A WRITTEN WORD when you don't know what it sounds like, let alone what the letters mean. Or becomes a matter of a hundred thousand different symbols, recognized as a unit, removed from the auditory context.
  
  I can't imagine how any deaf person learns to read, to be honest . It's an astounding feat.
  
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- Which is why we give deaf students extra attention in schools now...
  
  The issue is the deaf community was forced to be insular for most of American history. And part of that included the stereotype of "deaf and dumb" where if a person was deaf, they were assumed to be stupid.
  
  And some older members of that community see the next generation being treated more inclusivly as a negative, because that means their community will shrink if people aren't forced to only interact with other deaf people. They don't want integration into the larger community, and they want to force future generations to be segregated as well.
  
  And theyre kind of right. Most of the people with that line of thought aren't people you'd want to voluntarily associate with. Wanting to hobble the next generation so you don't feel lonely is pretty low.
  
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- Well, subtitles are usually really fast. For most other things that you dont have to read live, reading a bit slower is not really an issue.
  
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- They don't. Having your native language be easier than another doesn't mean you're struggling significantly.
  
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- You’ve hit on a problem that the Deaf community faces. There’s often an entire Deaf society in places. Deaf jobs, Deaf schools (including universities), Deaf media… They do read English but it’s harder and it’s not their primary language (though I’ve heard the internet is helping a lot there).
  
  But yeah, there are Deaf universities, including prestigious ones like Gallaudet. Nobody teaches medicine or engineering in sign language from what I can see. I did check and I was pleasantly surprised that Gallaudet offered shit like math, biology, and IT with even grad programs in stuff that isn’t explicitly about deafness.
  
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Would you rather watch content in your native language, or subtitled? If you read translated content, it's fine. But it's not the same as hearing something performed for you. Might be hard to grasp if your language is largely auditory and written, rather than visual and emotive.

Just because sign language is a visual language, does not mean reading is an equivalent. There is a ton of nuance and feeling that goes into communicating through sign language that is not possible through text alone.

Beyond the communication piece, there is respect of an individual who natively speaks a language, and the importance of keeping the language alive.

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feelitghst

There's that nuance.

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I mean, there wasn't enough information to be certain... but live broadcasts of things would have a signer because the live audience would have to bring in screens to add subtitles to the event...

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Minored in ASL, this is spot on 👍

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That is super interesting, thanks a lot for the detailed comment! I wasn't aware that sign language is not directly translatable to text as are other languages.

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Would you rather watch content in your native language, or subtitled?

Subtitled, 100 times out of 10. In fact, that's what I already do, alongside a significant portion of the non-anglophone world.

But it’s not the same as hearing something performed for you.

Considering the fact that nearly all TV media is made to only be fully enjoyed if you can hear it, that's a given. Deaf people are missing out either way, though.

There is a ton of nuance and feeling that goes into communicating through sign language that is not possible through text alone.

Just like there's a ton of nuance that can't be communicated by text alone when compared to spoken words, you mean?

the importance of keeping the language alive.

This is the only factor you've presented I can agree with. Programmes are presented with sign language because it's important to maintain awareness that it exists. Deaf people are a very small minority, so keeping their languages alive is essential.

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- Not deaf/HOH, but I've watched some signed translations out of curiosity and even to me it seems different. They do things like indicating the feeling of music, matching their facial expressions to the characters', and sometimes forgoing a direct translation to confer the mood of a phrase.
  
  Even when you're watching a subbed movie/show, you have the emotion of the voice performance to influence how you read the words. I imagine it's the same for signed VS subbed translations (to anyone who signs, please correct me if I'm wrong).
  
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Yeah, but it's not the translator speaking...

They're translating spoken words.

They wouldn't have someone watch the sign language and then translate that into the subtitles, that wouldn't make any sense logically.

They'd make them off the original spoken words.

So while you're right there's be slight difference, those are already being introduced with the sign language, and subtitles maintains the original phrasing and tone.

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- But can subtitles accentuate the way sign language can?
  
  Spoken word is to text as sign language is to text is my understanding.
  
  I can emphasize a word with sign language that otherwise can’t when just put to a text.
  
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- Translation isn't a 1 to 1 process. Every language has difference, idioms, etc. My understanding is that sign language is no different.
  
  The translator makes choices to convey meaning, as well as the literal sense.
  
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I'm profound deaf. I sign, write and speak. :)

Well, sign language aren't superior. Having both : subtitles (hard hearing people) and sign language (deaf people) is better. I prefer subtitle because it is closer to the speech and i'm not fond of sign video. Often the sign interpreter is small and sign very quickly.

In general, i prefer text, it help me focusing on the content instead of the person and use less bandwidth...

Sign language still lacks lot vocabulary. It's a young language «created» in the 18s when Abée de l'Épée founded the first deaf school. And i had to create lot technical signs with sign language interpreters during my agricultural course. Furthermore, they don't have an official sign writing yet, and it is a problem for keeping human knowledge and culture outside video and technological device. So there is still lot things to do and improve.

In France, lot deaf people aren't fluent with French writing due to the lack of bilingual school (French writing and French sign language) and interpreters (eg : only 200 hours in sign language for 1 year in universities).

So, having sign language improves a lot the accessibility for deaf people as they are not fluent with writing language. For me, i prefer both. Both are good and it meet each people need. :)

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Thanks for sharing!

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- And thank for your interesting question ! :)
  
  Mind it only reflect my opinion and i do think other deaf people will have a different stance with mine about sign language. :)
  
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In addition to the fact that it's not just English via hand gestures, I believe it's done because sign language is speech, with all of the benefits that comes with. There are extra channels of communication present in sign language beyond just the words. There's equivalents of tone and inflection, and (I beleive) even accents. Like, this video of this lady performing "Fuck You" in ASL is what made it click for me when I first saw it many years ago. She's just so fucking expressive, in a way that subtitles could never be.

EDIT: changed my wording to be more accurate, since sign language literally is speech through a different medium. There's no need to draw an unnecessary boundary.

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Sign language is speech, it's just non-verbal speech.

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- Thanks for pointing this out, I've updated my comment to get rid of the unnecessary distinction.
  
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Or this ASL of Rap God

https://youtu.be/0iDAkEpCmBs

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this video

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A lot of these comments are American so I thought I would provide a different point of view. In the UK it is a legal requirement for some broadcasters to have a certain percentage of signed programmes.

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To add to this, repeats with added sign language were (are?) often broadcast late at night because you were meant to set your video to record them to use as teaching materials. wasn't just sign language, a lot of the videos shown in school was stuff that had been taped from 3am

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But why is there such a legal requirement?

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- To add another part of it, for people using BSL, it's akin to their mother tongue.
  Being able to watch content with signing is akin to having a TV show dubbed into your native language, rather than relying on subtitles.
  
  Edit: I just had a check, and it's actually mentioned in the ofcom guidelines:
  Subtitle users reflect the full range of proficiency in English; some profoundly deaf people regard BSL as their first language, and are less fluent in English.
  
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- The UK's always been pretty inclusive and this law's been around for decades, since way before subtitles were practical, or even visible on crappy old b&w CRT screens
  
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Most of my girlfriend's family is deaf. They read fairly slowly and end up usually not really following subtitles very easily. Sign language is fastest for them to understand.

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I've heard that because written English is phonetic - meaning it shows how the sounds are (approximately) - then for people who have always been deaf that doesn't make the same sense, and reading words is a bit like reading a bunch of telephone numbers and remembering what they mean.

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- I.e. the same as a programming language, which can be easily learned to be read at astounding speed... Also, written English is one of the least phonetic languages you could possibly find.
  
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If sign language is your first language, any written language is like a foreign language that you might've learned but aren't a native speaker in.

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ASL (or whichever sign language) is NOT a direct visual translation of English or French or Mandarin or whatever. It's a totally different language and the written language is a second language. People might be highly proficient at reading and writing English in an English speaking country but it's a different language.

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- And incredibly regional as well.
  
  Any isolated language with a small local population is going to differentiate quickly, and while the Internet is bringing everyone together and making written language more consistent, it's not like deaf people send each other videos online, they just use written English because it's insanely easier and faster for everyone.
  
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I didn't know about this before but I does make a lot of sense :)

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i am not Deaf, but i imagine it is easier having stuff presented in your native language.

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It's also simpler, faster, and more accurate to have a live translator than having some one type.

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For one thing there are probably people who know sign language but can not read.

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Because it’s some people’s native language and for those people English (or whatever is the spoken/written language of the land) is their second language. Sign languages aren’t using hands to communicate in their original language, those do exist like ESL (English as a Signed Language) but the Deaf in America and England don’t use ESL, we use ASL (American Sign Language) and BSL (British Sign Language) respectively. These are very different languages from each other and ESL. They don’t even share fingerspelling alphabets.

Captions are amazing for the hard of hearing and late deafened, especially since many children such as myself who grew up hard of hearing were denied sign. But it’s my language by right and I was denied it as a native language. It’s natural for face to face communication in a way writing isn’t and it’s also a cultural language. A Deaf five year old can understand the news broadcast in sign language just as well as a hearing one can understand the spoken one.

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I have only ever seen this at live events and so the persons actually there would not be able to see subtitles.

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Beides being more natural to follow for native Sign "speakers" (do you say Sneakers? No idea), at live broadcasts it is way more efficient than live subtitling

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ASL has very different structure to spoken/written English, so not everybody who signs is going to comprehend English grammar as fluently/easily or the nuance of all the words that don't have a sign equivalent.

Additionally ASL communicated who is talking and the tone of their words, even when the speaker is off screen, which just can't be captured by captioning. Closed captioning has just caught on to using slightly different colors to indicate the speaker, so you know who's talking offscreen. I've only seen this in British panel shows so far but it's helpful.

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