The energy from the sun (that they refer to as heat in the meme) is being converted to electricity (cold in the meme) before assumedly being converted to heat when it's used
Yes. It's also a Rube Goldberg machine, where photons travel millions of kilometers from sun to bump into some electrons, electrons then bump into some metal and fast metal pushes air in your room to make it move a little bit faster.
also: you can calculate the carnot cycle efficiency of a solar cell as if it was a classical heat-power-machine, even though it has no visible moving parts.
the reason why this works and yields realistic results is because the basic principles of thermodynamics stay the same no matter if you are working with steam, combustion gasses or photons and electron gas inside a semiconductor.