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What if the problem with cars was not their method of propulsion? Epthinktank | European Parliament

Instead of just electrifying vehicles, cities should be investing in alternative methods of transportation. This article is by the Scientific Foresight Unit of the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS), a EU's own think tank.

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  • 78% of microplastics in the ocean come from car tires. EVs are heavier, and produce more microplastics. 10-20 bikes can fit in one car parking space. Bicycles and trains are hundreds of times more efficient than cars in terms of energy and space... And bike crashes don't kill over a million people per year globally.

    It's kind of obvious. We can have a future worth living in, or we can have cars, but we can't have both.

    • What happens with bikes when it rains, or there is a heat wave, or intense cold? I assume these are solved problems where bike culture is common but haven't seen much discussion about it.

      • Biking is as common in the Netherlands as high winds and rain. I ride in the rain all the time. You wear a jacket. Same with cold, except you wear a bigger jacket. Biking in the snow is common in Finland. I've biked in freezing rain. It's not always super pleasant, but is a small amount of discomfort really worth destroying our cities and our planet to prevent?

        I don't have a great answer for heat since it's not something we deal with here (as much). Cycling requires less energy than walking, so if you're not biking hard you can keep as cool or cooler than walking. Where mass transit exists, use that if you really need to get around... And, honestly, you should generally stay inside during dangerous heat anyway.

        Kids, pets, and elderly folks regularly die in cars during normal summers. Things are only going to get hotter and we're going to need to adapt our culture around that.

    • Bicycles and trains are hundreds of times more efficient than cars in terms of energy and space…

      A fast train like TGV, ICE or Shinkansen needs 10 kWh per passenger per 100 km. This includes infrastructure like heated railway switches, train stations, etc.

      This is not much more energy efficient than an electric car.

      And bike crashes don’t kill over a million people per year globally.

      Compare the passenger-kilometers done by car and by bike.

      • Those trains are not comparable to cars, they're comparable to airplanes. The metros and light rails that are intended to replace cars are overwhelmingly more efficient per potential passenger. Comparing a vehicle that is usually run near capacity with a vehicle that almost never has more than one passenger is obtuseness almost to the point of deception.

        Bikes don't replace cars. Bikes+trains replace cars. For comparable miles traveled, cars are insanely dangerous. It is utterly unhinged to argue that bikes and cars are equally safe but for the miles traveled, especially as higher bumper heights and decreased visibility are driving pedestrian deaths from cars through the roof.

        And none of these touch the fact that cars simply don't fit in cities. You also completely ignored the literal tons of carcinogenic and heavy metal laden microplastics from tires that end up in our oceans. Every human being carrying around multiple tons of metal with them can't possibly be efficient. Large heavy machinery constantly interacting with soft swishy humans can't possibly ever be safe.

        Arguing otherwise requires either an epic level of car brain worm or a pay check from the auto industry. I don't know which is worse: people desperately trying to ignore obviously reality, or people willing to sell out their fellow humans and even their future for a few more years of something that was never a good idea to begin with.

      • Trains reduce road traffic so much that normal lane road is enough, when without trains a city needs multiple laned roads that jam up regularly regardless how many lanes there are. Train systems get more efficient and waiting times smaller when more people use them. The opposite with car based transit systems

      • Yeah where did you get these energy numbers for the train? But you can use regenerative energy surces and since train wheels are mostly made of metal there is almost no microplastic produced.

        I dont think you can kill as many people with bikes than you can with a car.

        All in all some weak ass counter arguments.

  • The high level of European industry specialisation in producing high quality ICEs accounts for its leading position in the market. However, electric vehicles do not require the same level of know-how, opening the door to other players. China became the top global car exporter in 2023, exporting mostly to Europe and Asia.

    Okay, fine. But so what? There is no way that the world is going to continue to use ICEs in the long run. You could say "German auto manufacturers have a comfortable, entrenched position, so we want to defer transition away from ICEs for a year", but you're not going to hold things there.

    The EU automotive sector has traditionally excelled at producing vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs). The sector accounts for around 8 % of the EU’s gross domestic product (GDP) and for 12.9 million direct and indirect jobs. However, the green transition, digitalisation and global competition have fundamentally altered its business model.

    Yeah, technology changes over time.

    Promoting electric cars may lead to market distortions that run counter to European industrial interests. While complementary measures such as those contemplated in the critical raw materials act take effect, and besides the obvious move towards public transport, one way to allow the EU car industry to adapt while still reducing CO2 emissions could be to limit the size, weight and engine capacity of urban vehicles.

    Learn to make electric vehicles, Germany. If you want to ban outside competition to the European market, then straight-up ban outside competition to the European market. Sitting on ICEs has to be the most ridiculous way to do industrial protectionism one can imagine.

    You knew that this was coming down the road for ages. Every industry needs to deal with technological change, whether it's farmers shifting from oxen to tractors or the post office dealing with the shift to telecommunications or farriers dealing with the shift from horses to cars.

    China also dominates production of almost every raw material, technology and component used to make electric vehicles.

    That's not because China is mining everything, but because it's dominant in processing. If you want to bone up on processing, go for it. Germany's had a history in the chemical industry too. BASF is the largest chemical company in the world today.

    https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/sep/23/the-east-german-town-at-the-centre-of-the-new-gold-rush-for-lithium

    The dependency is also unnerving German and other European car manufacturers, whose home markets are now threatened by good-quality Chinese cars and China’s control of the processing of lithium.

    Concern is so great that the European Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen, has launched an anti-subsidy investigation into Chinese imports, amid fears that big manufacturers including Volkswagen and BMW will have trouble matching the supply of electric cars from China.

    But lithium does not, in the main, come from China, so how has Beijing achieved such a commanding position? Was Europe asleep at the wheel?

    Lithium supplies are dominated by five countries, with the bulk of the mineral mined in Australia and Chile, but it is China that has taken the raw material and become the dominant supplier of refined lithium.

    “They are now the global hub. This gives them economic leverage – or, to put it more bluntly, the means of economic coercion,” says one EU source.

    Hell, even if it were mining, Germany has far higher known per-capita lithium reserves than China does; just isn't mining it.

    https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/lithium-reserves-by-country

    Total lithium reserves in megatons:

    China: 5.10

    Germany: 2.70

    Europe as a whole has comparable lithium reserves even in absolute terms.

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