Fun fact, most people in the world are trichromats, they have 3 types of colour sensors in their eyes. One type of colourblindness that only affects men is where they only have 2 types of sensor and are dichromats - the gene is only found in the X chromosome, and it's impossible for women with two X chromosomes to get the deficiency. However, it's possible for women to get super genes and have 4 types of sensor, making them quadchromats. These ladies can see colours in between two other colours, that no one else can see. However, because the world is built by and for trichromats, this gift goes by largely unknown even by the people who have it.
This is not true. That women cannot have the congenital dichromacy (or anomalous trichromacy) that biological males commonly have is flat out wrong. A biological female can still be a protan or deutan, but the phenotype requires that both X chromosomes carry the recessive color vision-deficient alleles. Nevertheless, given that ~8% of all X chromosomes have such a gene regardless of sex, the incidence in the female population is still around half a percent, which is not insignificant.
Interestingly, one form of tetrachromacy in females actually has the same cause as color vision deficiency in some males (specifically anomalous trichromacy). From what I understand, only one X chromosome is active per cone cell, and which one is active is random. So, half of such a person's cone cells of one type are "normal" while the rest of that type are anomalous and have a slightly different peak wavelength. The net result is four different types of cone cells, i.e., tetrachromacy, which may have an incidence of more than 10% in females.
X-inactivation is a little bit more complicated than that. While the process of X-inactivation initiation is random, once a cell has settled on one chromosome, all its daughter cells will silence the same chromosome. The initial process happens in the early embryo, so large patches of the body have the same X chromosome silenced.
This pattern is visible in some animals. E.g. a tortoise cat's pattern arises due to the hair color gene existing on the X chromosome. Consequently, male tortoise cats are rare (XXY, XXXY etc only)
I think it's a cultural thing. In uni we had to learn how to titrate to figure out concentrations and we had to look out for sudden color changes to figure out the concentration of a solution. Well, I had a professor who'd constantly revel in the fact that men often had trouble with this, but in a toxic way.
I know that women are constantly exposed to different tones and shades from using makeup. And I understood the assignment because I had studied some graphic design earlier and had to tell colors apart. Whet she didn't get was that I only needed a color reference all along! I literally did not know what color it was supposed to be and she didn't bother to explain lol