The duality of particles

https://youtu.be/ia4YrCShFrQ?si=w5OYNEaNRpG8QvMZ for reference

code switching goofy ass electrons and atoms

Maybe particles are Catholic. Science can't explain that.

That's such a clever joke lmao, man I have to finish futurama

This is great

Light (in fact everything) is a wave, with some traditional particle properties added in. It's relatively easy to wrap your head around the weirdness from that point of view. It's almost impossible to make sense of it from a "particle with wave properties" view.

It's also worth noting that it is not observation, but measurement that matters. All observation is measurement but not all measurements are observations.

Basically, to measure something, you need to hit it with something else. Using a particle analogy (since the wave version is FAR less intuitive), imagine a pool ball, rolling down a table. You can only detect balls hitting the cushions. To measure where it is, in between, you need to roll additional balls across the table. In traditional physics, these balls can be thrown as lightly as you like, as accurately as you like. Unfortunately, the wave nature of the system imposes lower limits on this. When you throw a ball, it changes the ball it hits. To gain information, you end up damaging or destroying the system you are measuring.

In quantum mechanical terms, the wave function is collapsed. In fact, it's combined with the new particles you used to measure things.

In the original post. When you're not looking, the wave of the photon passes through both spits, it then interferes with itself. Only when it reaches the detector is it collapsed (by interacting with the atoms of the detector). When you try and measure which slit it went through, you introduce a new wave. This changes the shape of the original, and makes it appear like a particle.

This is quite a fun way of making yourself think in terms of waves. https://www.andreinc.net/2024/02/06/the-sinusoidal-tetris

Light is a particle and a wave, maybe?

I vaguely remember an explanation that whatever device/mechanism is actually used to “observe” the experiment was affecting the behavior of the light. Boiling it down to “observation changed the outcome” makes you picture something that changes depending on whether you look at it with your eyes, but there’s a lot more moving parts to the whole thing.

Idk, but you might find the answer to that question from one of these

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuqavL7RN4jjdioivWm-Jwa6IoGG2_8Nr

Its source is known. Unfortunately, it requires a different way of looking at everything. (It's all waves, even if it looks like a particle most of the time). Wrapping this up as simple pop science, that can be digested by most laymen, is difficult.

What we don't actually know is why everything is made of waves. We know the rules it follows, but not the underlying cause. Figuring that would would likely require an understanding of quantum relativity, something we only have a very weak handle on.

Depends on what you mean by unknown. The meme (and a lot of common understanding) doesn't know what it means to be observed. There is a leading theory, the Copenhagen interpretation. The biggest theory in opposition would be multi-world.

It's just proof that light behaves as a wave, because it generates an interference pattern like the first picture. The second picture is how it would theoretically behave if it was (only) a particle, which it isn't. The proof that light acts like a particle comes from a second experiment proposed by Einstein dealing with the photoelectric effect.

This article is meant for kids but it explains things pretty plainly. The duality is unexplained, but the experiment is well understood.

This topic can get so convoluted so quickly... I just deleted a testament cause I got carried away (and now proceeded to write a new one).

So the recap on the experiment is that an interference pattern shows when shining light through two slits, but it'll also show up when firing single particles through as well. When we try to see through which slit each particle went through, magically there's no more interference pattern and we only get 2 lines.

Short-ish answer: we sorta know why the pattern disappears when observed. It's the very simple fact that we cannot take a precise measurement without interacting with the system and, thus, affecting the outcome. Think about it, we're trying to know information about a single particle. The only way to get any information about it is to interact with it. Once we do, something changes that ends up preventing the interference pattern from showing up.

What we don't know for sure is why the interference pattern happens in the first place. There's a plethora of theories and interpretations, but we end up being forced to admit a probabilistic and extremely unintuitive, almost magical nature in quantum physics. It's something that many were uncomfortable with at first, hence Schrodinger's cat, and yet, the model of quantum physics that has resulted from these observations has stood the test of time, correctly predicting or explaining nearly everything thrown its way with the most notable exception being gravity. For everything else, what we now know as Quantum Field Theory, alongside the standard model, is the most accurate representation of quantum physics we have, even if it's not the last one we'll ever have. It's hard not to keep going because every sentence could become a rabbit hole on its own.

Little addendum now that I've wasted your time: my knowledge goes as far as YouTube allows. I'm a webdev with a morbid fascination with this subject. Fact check me, I prolly fucked up my explanation multiple times.

Do check out the channel called "history of the universe" on YouTube. Few videos are as educating and mesmerizing as the videos from that channel.

Measure, not look. Measure implies interaction. That's why the result changes.

Hard to explain (in part because I'm not a scientist) but it isn't when you look at it, it's when the photon interacts with something. I'm gonna do my best, and if I'm hard to follow, that's because I suck at writing

Edit: I'm gonna keep my comment here, but Veritasium did a good job showing the wave interference in this video

Before interacting with something, a photon acts like a wave, kind of like a wave in water, or a sound wave. The wave goes through both slits at the same time, which causes it to split into multiple waves. In places where two waves meet, their magnitude is added together. That is, where the peaks of those waves meet, the peak gets higher. Where the valleys meet, they get lower. Where a peak meets a valley, they cancel each other out. The empty parts on the detector are where peaks met valleys, and there was no measurable wave in those parts.

When a photon interacts with something, it collapses from a wave to a particle, and interacts with the detector only in one spot. I've seen it compared to a speck of dust in a raindrop. Before that raindrop hits the ground, you know that the speck of dust is somewhere in the drop, but not where it is in the drop. When it hits the ground, the speck can only end up in one spot. When the wave collapses, the photon is forced to interact with the detector in only one place. The location is random, but is more likely in spots with a larger magnitude of wave. Those are the places with the spots on the detector in the top picture.

If the photon interacts with something at the slits, like a polarizing filter, it collapses before an interference pattern is able to form. No interference pattern means it ends up interacting with the detector in one of the two areas like in the bottom picture.

Look at the PBS Spacetime link someone else provided, but in this case the looking is knowing which slot individual electrons or photons go through. Thus, wave pattern when which slot is not known; random scatter pattern when you know which slot.

Look up the double slit experiment. Then consider the characters pov.

It's not just looking. The implication of the person looking is he's looking at which path the light took through the slit. If you measure which slit the particle of light went through, the pattern disappears.