But it isn't a mechanical noise. It is a noise coming through the speakers themselves. As many have pointed out, it is almost definitely feedback of some form.
Definitely something to get sorted before you do anything TOO critical (feedback can potentially be a precursor to electrical or systems failure) but not a sign that doors are going to fall off imminently.
The starliner is to return unmanned, according to this article. Can you imagine being on the ISS, and watching the ship you should have taken shred apart into burning rain as it attempts to pierce the veil of our atmosphere.
I'm not qualified in any sense to speculate, and so that's exactly what I'm going to do.
My first thought is that there is a configuration happening to bring it home which we already knew, and there is a bug or test tone that was activated and since no one writing the code is there, they just didn't notice it is still running.
I bet it is a noise cancelling microphone hot micing with nobody around it. Normally you'd hear it as a higher pitched regular ping type sound at regular intervals, but I'd bet because of the lag between comms to Earth it sounds like that -- the waveform sort of stretched out.