Campaigners urge EU to mandate 15 years of OS updates
Campaigners urge EU to mandate 15 years of OS updates
Should OS makers, like Microsoft, be legally required to provide 15 years of security updates?
15 years. 15 years. She got one of your kids got you for 15 years
Why only 15?
Please mandate open bootloaders on devices, that's what we truly need.
This seems backwards. Let's just assume we're always going to be willingly beholden to tech giants, and so we're going to pass a law to make our masters treat us well.
Maybe instead campaign for a law that says all publicly funded computer resources must be reliably usable for 15 years. So you either go FOSS and save money too, or you get guarantees in writing before you hand over your hand over money to the people who won't even let you see what their code is doing on your hardware.
Microsoft's plan to end Windows 10 support next month — which may make an estimated 400 million PCs obsolete
I don't get this. Can't those PCs update to the new version? Yes, I am very aware that win11 is a shit show and win10 was better.
But Ubuntu also has a similar support policy for updates:
Ubuntu LTS versions get five years of updates, while non-LTS only gets nine months.
Would all the Linux versions out there be subjected the same 15 years of updates??
Would all the Linux versions out there be subjected the same 15 years of updates??
They shouldn't be, since the model for updates is quite distinct from Windows or iOS in a way that I would argue should effectively meet the requirements anyways. If a distro releases a new version twice a year, outside of enterprise situations where a company is paying for support, there's nothing to really stop anyone who wants from upgrading. They don't charge for it, and while new versions might add out-of-the-box support for new hardware, it's pretty rare for Linux to suddenly change minimum hardware requirements in a way that requires you to buy a whole new machine in order to run the latest release. The only case that immediately comes to mind is that of distros increasingly removing support for i386 machines, but in fairness, Intel discontinued manufacturing of i386 chips 18 years ago.
Of course, this all assumes that the people in charge of making these decisions actually understand the technology in at least a general sense, and it's not being left up to a bunch of idiots who have refused to keep up with any innovations more recent than the fax machine, so odds are kind of crap.
No, Windows 11 added extra, unneeded hardware requirements.
Obsolete in this case actually means obsolete. Windows 11 literally blocks the update because you do not meet requirements, such as not having a TPM.
Technically, there are ways to bypass this, but not for a casual user (and it probably breaks some ToS)
Yep, exactly this. You can bypass the TPM and Processor requirements, but at some point it will come back to bite someone in the butt.
Microsoft with the 24H2 update broke Windows 11 for older systems (like Core2Duo, which are already ancient) due to a lack of required processor instructions. I've seen systems running under QEMU, and also on newer systems like the AMD Ryzen Zen1 platform experience "Unsupported Processor" BSODs preventing the system from booting.
Even outside of that, Microsoft doesn't deploy the yearly feature roll-ups to systems with unsupported hardware, even if Windows 11 is already installed. I've seen many unsupported systems end up stuck 1-2 builds behind, and they never see the update. They have to be manually updated using the same mechanisms that got Windows 11 installed in the first place.
Microsoft I believe, expects Windows 11 to be running on a minimum set of hardware, and that's all they are qualifying it for. So older systems are going to eat it at some point if they are used in production.
The TPM checks are for security but, certainly not required if someone is willing to drop system security for some reason.
Apparently there's a way to install Win11 and bypass all these requirements.
https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/bypass-windows-11-tpm-requirement
You don't typically pay to run Linux distros. They're open-source. I can't imagine they'd be subject to this.
if anyone pays though they would need to keep a long-long-term-support.
Upgrades are more seamless as well, it's definitely a bit more blurry of a process. Plus Ubuntu releases twice a year, so their versions are more like the equivalent of Microsoft's service packs (or whatever they call them now) but on a rolling basis.
Correct, the "obsolete" PCs can't update to Windows 11. The Windows 11 update forces certain hardware support that a lot of devices don't have. The security this hardware provides is mainly in someone physically removing data from your PC. As such it's very business oriented but affects all versions of Windows 11.
It's not business oriented, it provides a unique ID attached to the machine, cryptographically proven.
Next step is to use that unique ID to identify you on the internet and digital life. Ending all privacy.
You think this is far fetched? Kernel-level anti-cheat for games already does this and bans the machine from playing that game ever again.
I have no sympathy for anyone using microsoft products.
They made their bed, now they get to sleep in it.
I didnt my finance and IT team did.
If you ever want to create a google fan, make them use M365
seems you were already a Google fan, they are a unique breed of horrible.
I think Microsoft should be punished with forcing to release the Windows kernel source code.
Please no, just imagine the influx of 0-days
I'll bring the popcorn
No, OS makers should just not make their OS bloated with useless shit, stealing your data and have arbitrary system requirements. I think 15 years of OS updates is excessive unless we're talking about servers or very specific workflows. IMO 5-10 years is enough.
That said, for some operating systems it doesn't even make sense to support for THAT long, because how they are designed (A lot of Linux distros for example). It turns out, if you don't break users' workflow, they don't mind to upgrade.
I agree with most of that, but there are loads of embedded systems still running the equivalent of Windows XP and they're chugging along just fine. That OS still receives updates and ending that would break a lot of backend stuff. Mostly banking.
Boeing just started making planes which don't rely on floppy disks for updates. That will continue on the older part of the fleet until it's no longer feasible to procure the disks or the planes are no longer airworthy. I mean, why not? If you only need to store a few mbs for something critical, it's not a bad choice of medium.
If a system is secure, reliable and works for decades without complaint, there's no need to fix that.
15 years is too long, it doesn't match the state of the industry or technological progress.
If anything this slows down innovation which leads me to suspect the 15 year idea was though of by someone who dislikes any technical changes.
15 years is too long, it doesn’t match the state of the industry or technological progress.
How is this too long? I would consider it a reasonable amount of time to receive security updates on a computer.
I have a notebook that I bought in 2012. It can run Ubuntu LTS 24.04, which is supported until 2034, without issue. There is no indication that the next release will stop supporting this hardware. I don't see why Microsoft couldn't provide this.
15 years is actually reasonable.
I have a ten year old laptop with an i7 processor, 16 GB RAM, and 1 TB SSD. It still does most things, I bought it for initially just fine. Granted this was one of the best laptops you could buy at the time.
Apple stopped supporting it with a current version of macOS a couple of years ago sadly. It’s still possible to patch newer versions to install and run on the old machine, but it’s a bit of a hassle.
But unlike server aided services an OS still keeps working. You can use that PC for 10 more years, if you like.
I think there’s a discrepancy in the understanding of ‘support’ and what it entails in different technology fields. Demanding to receive NEW features for decades is not feasible in the current economic environment.
Pretty sure Rocky Linux provides updates for 10 years.
It's not asking too much for multi-billion dollar corporations to provide 15 years of updates.
They have more than enough resources.
IBM providing 10 years for RHEL is doing most of the heavy lifting in the case of rocky linux
Or an established player in the market that wants to keep competitors out (but I guess in a way that is someone who dislikes change). While legislation like this can sometimes be great (e.g. the recent changes forcing longer support for mobile phones) there comes a point where it cuts the other way and it becomes an entry barrier.
Imo the better solution would be to legislate what happens after support ends. Like forcing the disclosure of at least some documentation that allows others to continue servicing the product or at least transfer out data and install other software on the device.
Before Microsoft demanded TPM 2.0, you could install the latest version of Windows on extremely old hardware. Easily reaching that 15 years. We had this already. And Windows 11 can easily run without TPM 2.0. Microsoft just has business reasons to demand it. So I don't see how innovation is slowed down by this.
Fair like imagine if Microsoft was forced to support windows 8 for 15 years, a operating system people barely use, also some OSs arnt ran by huge companys
15 is an arbitrarily long time. I think forcing it to be open sourced upon the companies end of life is the better option
Then you can have a company that acquires the original failed company and provides “support” in the form of one bugfix per year.
All of these solutions are gamable except for requiring that the solution be open source from the get-go.
This is a prime example of legislators not understanding technology.
That sounds like an insane duration, even LTS distros are not usually anything like 15 years
These multi-billion dollar corporations have more than enough resources to provide updates for 15 years.
There's nothing insane about it, unless you've been conditioned to live vicariously through business owners.
There are companies still running XP.
this isn’t about the age of the OS, it’s the age of the device. I can install linux on a device from 20 years ago if not more.
Ahh, so the win11 arbitrary hardware requirements bullshit
I don't know. just the other day somebody on lemmy was asking about installing a 32bit linux distro on an old netbook and the majority of comments were discussing whether there was any practical reason for distros to continue 32-bit support.
yeah but you don't pay 150euros for it + all the ads and stuffs
but yeah, I don't see the point of this, it's clearly aimed at Microsoft, and at this point alternative solutions exist
I almost feel like the compromise we will eventually land on is that if an OS maker like Microsoft wants to continue advertising on your OS they have to take some liability for its security.
They didn't say you could not do version upgrade...
I would prefer if they force the companies to unlock root and boot-loader, when they not ship security updates anymore for a device.
I'd add the hardware drivers must be open sourced at the end of support as well, and no drm, patent, reverse engineering legal protections for a out of support Device/chipset
😍yess!
Fuck it. Force them from release date. There's no reason for them to dictate what you can and cannot run on the hardware you purchase. If they can't compete by providing a better OS or software, and must rely on anti-competitive models to profit, then they don't deserve to waste the planets resources.
Abandonware must be open sourced, publishing a new version doesn't count as a exception.
This comes after e-waste watchers revealed that 75 million iPhones could be rendered obsolete – tipping the scales at around 1.2 million kilograms of e-waste – following the release of iOS 26.
Not strictly true because the phones they counted here will still get security updates for 2-3 years AFAIK. 7 year old phones, mind you. But yeah, no more feature updates. Which are so meaningless these days anyway.
The security updates for old iOS versions are a sleight of hand. Most companies only support the three latest versions of iOS, so soon that will be iOS 17 as the minimum. I had a device stuck on iOS 15, which was released in 2016, and banks and other major apps dropped support. So while the phone did get security updates, it can’t run the apps I needed.
That's the app devs being idiots.
My two local banks that I use support 15.1 and 16. My two globally useful neobanks support 13 and 16. None of them have any features that the one on 13 doesn't have (in fact, that gets the most updates and has the most features of them all).
So iOS 16, which most apps still seem to support, at least ones that I use, supports devices as far back as the 6s, which came out in 2015. It also still gets security updates for now.
I just don't get why Apple gets the most shit for generating e-waste on their phones when they actually have the longest lasting phones (barring tech enthusiasts flashing custom ROMs to old Androids, which is what, 1% of the population?)
What Apple REALLY should be getting shit for is software support for their Macbooks, particularly considering that with the Apple Silicon ones, the Linux drivers are still iffy for most things. They need to figure out a way to offer at LEAST 10 years, ideally 15 years of security updates for any device sold, since these devices are only meant to be used with their software, and one expects a computer to last longer than a smartphone, or at least how that's how it was a few years ago still, when smartphones were still somewhat getting better year over year.
Or legislate that unsupported software becomes public domain or is open for development and the public can try and make the updates themselves.
Forcing people to upgrade entirely depends on the nature of the upgrades and the motive of the company. What we need is competition so there are alternatives for people to use if they don't want to upgrade. But somehow Microsoft is not considered the monopoly of the PC OS market, despite being a monopoly, and uses that position to force changes nobody wants but them, like turning window into an AI data farming scheme that violates user privacy.
Mandatory open source public domain release at EOS.
At Win10 EOS, people would make Windows distros, and ReactOS would no longer have to be a clean room implementation.
Also this would be a success for Stop Killing Games.
Or legislate that unsupported software becomes public domain
Solves a lot of issues.
People have had plenty of time to upgrade. 15 years is an incredibly long time to be supporting an OS. Even RHEL doesn't do that.
Dude, I’m so ready. Linux supports processors that old, by enthusiasts for free.
No. Maintain your own OS. Any country or group of countries should be doing so.
Yes exactly :D https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Star_OS
Just require any new operating systems to support 15 year old hardware. We should require manufacturers to provide 15 years of UEFI and firmware updates too.
That is way more sensible, than the other way around.
What we REALLY need is to curb microsoft’s market dominance. If more alternatives for OS and usable replacements for MS office em would exist, this would not be a problem and would not need to hamper innovation for the sake of back porting (the main counter-argument as a dev).
Linux and all its flavors?
What’s wrong with libreoffice or anyoffice? For a large percentage of users, Linux is fine, especially as many applications have an online option. For the stuff I do, in Linux, online Office is more than sufficient.
An org I work with provides me with a 365 license, but I I’m more comfortable in Libreoffice.
Office is used bythe majority, but majority doesn’t mean they are right, they are simply more.
LibreOffice is okay for some stuff, but shows its limitations pretty quickly once you use it for more serious tasks.
The only things LibreOffice has going for it, is the price and that the UI doesn’t change. LibreOffice has no good mobile apps.
Better alternatives to Microsoft Office are Google Docs etc. and Apple’s iWork suite. Both have good compatibility with Microsoft’s files and run great on mobile.
Google has ease of use, easy sharing and collaboration. Apple’s iWork has great usability and features and produces beautiful results by default. The suite comes free with every Apple device. Google Docs is free to use as well.
That’s of course ignoring the workhorse called Outlook. You can kind of approach its features with a handful of other applications, but won’t reach the same functionality.
LibreOffice has one unique application in its suite: Base local database. Microsoft Access and FileMaker used to very popular, but faded into the background over the last decade.
The jank oh my god the jank
Hmmm, I don't agree. The trend is in the opposite direction. Microsoft Windows used to have a larger market share and supported hardware indefinitely. Now that their market share has shrunk, they are also limiting support for older hardware. This only shows correlation, not causation, but it does show that more competition has not improved the issue and that we need laws to do that instead. MacOS, the primary competitor to Microsoft Windows which also has Microsoft Office available, only supports their hardware for 6-8 years as well.
Edit: just to add, if anything, this actually shows that more competition and reduced market share probably increases the pressure to cut support for older hardware because it probably becomes less profitable to do so.
If the EU is going to pay for the developers, sure. I’d even go higher and say make it 50 years. Otherwise make your own OS or use Linux.
This is stupid.
15 years is a massive time to just update your OS.
15 years ago instagram didn’t exist, the iPad was new, and people were just updating from Vista to Windows 7. I think Hadoop was just created then.
That is a massive amount of time to support software that would have almost no architectural protection against things like heartbleed.
Better laws would be:
"Microsoft's decision to end support for Windows 10 could make 400 million computers obsolete
This is more stupid, and I absolutely agree with the article it shouldn't be legal to end support of an OS this quickly, mind you this is not update to a new OS, like is common on phones, but mostly security updates for the OS you purchased with the device.
I absolutely think 10 years should be a minimum, but for PC, I can easily see an argument for 15 years, as many systems are purpose built, and should keep working even if an OS is discontinued.
A similar argument can be made for phones, but maybe that should just be 10 or maybe even just 5 years, which very few phones have. My vote is on 10 years, because what some companies have been doing for a long time, only supporting security updates for 3 years is not acceptable IMO. If the phone is free to install custom ROM unhindered, I would be more understanding, but phones are generally locked, potentially rendering them worthless if updates are not available.
I think I'd prefer if there was a minimum updates guarantee that OS sellers would have to disclose, but even then I'm more in favour of other companies being able to pick up the work by making sure devices have their bootloader unlockable after they don't get any more updates for X amount of time, rather than add burden to OS makers, because forcing people to support a project for Y amount of years would really harm indie developers releasing Linux distros and the like
Instagram has existed for 14 years and 11 months. I think you might be pushing it on the not 15 years.
But more importantly though, Windows XP was supported for 18 years…
So it’s not like it can’t be done.
My ThinkPad x230 will soon turn 13 (since it was manufactured, I picked it up second hand from a business that went bankrupt). It’s still alive and kicking, just not with Windows. The hardware is dated, but for what I do it’s good enough. I only replaced the battery and the screen. I don’t care for instagram or any of that crap, this machine chugged along for 13 years, it will chug at least for another 5. Don’t let hardware manufacturers normalize dunking perfectly capable good hardware into a landfill because it hurts their profits. If you need any further proof just look into the old Apple hardware modding and some of the stuff they pulled off.
Windows used to support really old hardware, I believe more than 15 years old until they introduced the new requirements for particular CPU models and TPM 2.0 chips. If anything, I feel that 15 years is too short. iPads and Hadoop have nothing to do with PC hardware.
15 years is a massive time to just update your OS.
The last version of Windows 10 (22H2) is nothing like the RTM release from 2015 (1507). 1507 still has Cortana and their failed "Continuum" concept.
Essentially we are asking Microsoft to support Windows 10 22H2 for another ~5 years, which is reasonable considering 22H2 is a just under 3 years old.
And yet people are bitching because Windows 10 is getting cut off after 10 years of support. Raise it to 15 and people will just bitch at the 15 year mark.
I think major factors in people bitching about the Windows 10 EOL is that a) Windows 10 was explicitly marketed as the final version of Windows and b) Windows 11 is so unappealing that even companies are reluctant to upgrade.
Normally, that wouldn't be a big problem. We had dud releases before. Windows Vista had few friends due to compatibility issues but was workable. Besides, 7 was launched shortly after Vista's EOL. Likewise, Windows 8's absurd UI choices made it deeply unpopular but it was quickly followed by 8.1, which fixed that. And Windows 10 again followed shortly after 8's EOL (and well before 8.1's).
Windows 11, however, combines a hard to justify spec hike with a complete absence of appealing new features. The notable new features that are there are raising concerns about data safety. In certain industries (e.g. medical, legal, and finance), Recall/Copilot Vision is seen as dangerous as it might access protected information and is not under the same control that the company has over its document stores. That increases the vector for a data breach that could lead to severe legal and reputational penalties.
Microsoft failed to satisfyingly address these concerns. And there's not even hope of a new version of Windows releasing a few months after 10's EOL; Windows 12 hasn't even been announced yet.
It's no wonder that companies are now complaining about Windows 10's support window being too short.
Nothing says ‘circular economy’ like Microsoft stranding 400 million PCs
This might be a silly question but would this not be a good idea for a start up company that recycle computer parts?
that's what the greatest technician that's ever lived does.
Don't manufacturers purposefuly destroy the computers and such just to ensure that doesn't happen?
No. Manufacturers have no say in what happens to computer hardware after is sold.
Some companies may destroy the hard drives to make sure no data gets out. Some companies will remove the memory as well.
would this not be a good idea for a start up company that recycle computer parts?
I really don't think so. Computer recycling already seems to be a low profit business, as evidenced by there not being any large companies that do it (that I'm aware of). This number of computers flooding the market would probably make it even less profitable. Sure, it may be profitable for some small businesses, but nothing on the scale required to address the problem.
There are dozens of us out here patiently awaiting a bunch of reasonably powerful new Linux machines.
Of course. Make another regulation only big corps can follow. To punish them, of course. This is punishment.
Good.
If we're going to pretend corporations are people, then we should treat them like slaves.
That was sarcasm. Making a regulation to punish a big corporation that automatically disqualifies everyone smaller is not punishment for it.
What would that mean for Linux distros? It seems like it could be a law that cuts off the competition. Like amazon who is very selectively for better working conditions when the know that no competitior can fulfull them.
Would Linux even count since it’s foss?
If implemented this should only apply to paid OS's or ones where a licence comes with the hardware
No license is needed for Linux
I think it does in some cases, like if you buy a System 76 computer with PopOS, or you buy a server with Red Hat.
However if you install a Linux OS yourself, that is available free of charge, there isn't any money to claim back, and it would be illogical if there should be demands on updates.
I think logically there needs to be money involved, so if you download PopOS you're on your own, but if you bought a computer with PopOS installed it is part of a package.
I'm not a lawyer, but from my experience this is how things typically work.
Edit PS:
If it's FOSS or FLOSS there also technically isn't any owner, so there is no legal person to make a claim against.
I think it would need to be a commercial product like Red Hat or preinstalled OS by the company that sell the computer.
With a FOSS distribution that is made freely available without charge, that people download and install themselves, people are probably themselves responsible for their choice of OS.
Microsoft is so wealthy they could do that, and would even support such legislation if it could hinder their competitors such as smaller Linux distributions.
European e-waste campaigners are calling on EU leadership to force tech vendors to provide 15 years of software updates, using Microsoft's plan to end Windows 10 support next month — which may make an estimated 400 million PCs obsolete — as a textbook case of avoidable e-waste.
Windows 10 has already had 10 years of support. ESU extends this one extra year. If you have hardware that cannot meet Windows 11's requirements, there are other OSes available that will happily run on that hardware. Which is what brings us to the real issue.
Microsoft's near monopoly on consumer grade PCs and Apple's vendor lock in. This is the core issue.
Companies can do this because there are no regulations to stop them. We call on European Commissioner Jessika Roswall to introduce EU Ecodesign requirements for laptops, guaranteeing at least 15 years of software updates. No more devices designed to break or become obsolete before their time
Ten years is a very long time for support. If you need support past that length, you need a different OS. Apple does good to keep Macs made in the last five to seven years still able to run their newest OS. They are some of the worse offenders on this. But even with a different OS, there's still a limit to how far you can take hardware. You could put the best optimized software on really old hardware and that won't change that the underlying CPU is old.
The older hardware gets the harder it is to keep supporting it. Case in point, there reason you can't get TLS 1.2 that pretty much every site now requires onto Windows 95 era machine is the underlying hardware cannot keep up with the required computational needs to support that encryption. And if you happened to install Windows 95 onto modern hardware, the number of changes to the OS to get access to the underlying hardware is pretty much an upgrade to Windows 7.
Ten year old machines are doing alright for the time being, but we have to move on. TLS 1.3 is here, has been here since 2018. The stricter requirements for security, require more advanced hardware.
And I just mention TLS as a single example of what we're talking about here. Modern hardware advances and attackers and users get those at the same time. While software security schemes do ensure security long after the hardware has become dated, there's a point where it won't matter anymore what software you toss onto the machine. It's just so out dated it doesn't matter, no software is securing it. Now that's usually a lot longer than ten years, but it's not much longer.
You can take a very lightweight Linux distro and pop it onto a Pentium 3 machine. It will technically run. But you are lacking SSE2 and even if you recompiled to remove SSE2 optimizations and strictly held to 586 ISA, you're not going to enjoy the performance on the machine. For even the most simple tasks like unpacking a 7-zip. You will fare very unwell to some attacker who has a modern Threadripper machine.
I love old machines but the rest of the world is moving forward. Yes, software could technically cover for more than ten years, but not much more. But it's silly to think that a Athlon 64 (2003), the oldest CPU you can technically get working on Windows 10 because of the NX bit requirement, would be able to keep pace on today's multi megabyte sized website. Hell even the X2 models that were the first to be "dual core" would have issues with how modern web browsers handle things because Athlon 64 X2's model for multiple processors is vastly different than how modern CPUs do it. It wouldn't take anything for someone to feed it a website that would bring the system to it's knees.
The thing is 15 years a very long time in the world of technology that's ever evolving. Software can only go so far. 15 years is absolutely you need a different OS if that's your requirement territory. But when you start hitting 20 years, your going to see breakage no matter what software you throw at it. It might be very slight at the 20 year mark. but each year after that it's going to become more pronounced.
Ten years is a very long time for support. If you need support past that length, you need a different OS.
I strongly disagree. Ten years should be the bare minimum required. Windows used to support hardware way longer than 10 years and probably more than 15, until Windows 11 came out.
The older hardware gets the harder it is to keep supporting it. Case in point, there reason you can’t get TLS 1.2 that pretty much every site now requires onto Windows 95 era machine is the underlying hardware cannot keep up with the required computational needs to support that encryption. And if you happened to install Windows 95 onto modern hardware, the number of changes to the OS to get access to the underlying hardware is pretty much an upgrade to Windows 7.
Windows 95 is a bad example since it's a 30 year old OS. It's a completely different era with different OS architecture and different OS environment. Let's instead use an example of an OS from the time frame being discussed: Windows 7, released a little over 15 years ago. There's very little reason why a computer that was made since Windows 7 was released shouldn't be able to run Windows 11. I think that this is a profit maximization decision on Microsoft's part (less hardware support, less development and testing cost). They basically said screw the customers and screw the environment.
Well, maybe tell Microsoft and others to stop sucking in these technological advances they treat as shiny misunderstood toys that are forced down everyone's throats and make everyone's lives a lot harder than they're supposedly making easier.
I am not arguing against the idea of upgrading at all or avoiding security at all. What I am always tired of, is just seeing the direction Microsoft takes and then telling people to shove off into their shitty new ecosystem for the sake of security. Like no, you're watering down your OS and dumbing down everything while telling millions of users like "well, uh, like it because we're Microsoft so fuck you".
And nothing is improving or giving people the strong urge to immediately upgrade because of said directions and choices.
Which is why we have this delayed lapse in people just stretching out these support cycles who're not interested in hopping to the next OS, because they aren't liking what they see and sometimes experience on another's computer that has that latest OS version.
By the time Windows 10 is truly done, Windows 11 has its announcement for the last of its updates and by the time Microsoft moves to 12 in however they handle it, maybe then.
Some websites bring my 9800X3D to its knees
Lifetime for security. Other features (new drivers...) you can pay for, but security is lifetime. You need to escrow enough money to provide this service or prove that nobody is using the OS.
All services required for use of the device are also lifetime - though they may charge a subscription price so long as that price is clear to the customer before the first sale and prices go up by inflation only. After 15 years they can drop the service if it is easy for a "normal user" to switch to a different subscription provider; and all source code required for someone "skilled in the art" to create and maintain their own service provider is publicly released under terms that allow modification and redistribution was released at least 5 years before killing their own service.
You are allowed to drop support for any protocol that is not latest recommended state of the art so long as you maintain what was recommended at time of release. If a newer protocol comes out you need not support it. (Which is to say you can be IPv6 only today, and if the internet switches to IPv12 in the future you don't have to support that)
The above applies to anything network connected. OS, web browser, Security camera, thermostat....
This will kill small firms developing new OSes.